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Philosophy Ebooks Aristotle - Metaphysics
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Aristotle - Metaphysics |
Written in 350 BC. Translated by R. P. Hardie and R. K. Gaye.
OPENING CHAPTER:
WHEN the objects of an inquiry, in any department, have principles, conditions, or elements, it
is through acquaintance with these that knowledge, that is to say scientific knowledge, is attained.
For we do not think that we know a thing until we are acquainted with its primary conditions or
first principles, and have carried our analysis as far as its simplest elements. Plainly therefore in the
science of Nature, as in other branches of study, our first task will be to try to determine what
relates to its principles.
The natural way of doing this is to start from the things which are more knowable and obvious to
us and proceed towards those which are clearer and more knowable by nature; for the same things
are not 'knowable relatively to us' and 'knowable' without qualification. So in the present inquiry we
must follow this method and advance from what is more obscure by nature, but clearer to us,
towards what is more clear and more knowable by nature.
Now what is to us plain and obvious at first is rather confused masses, the elements and
principles of which become known to us later by analysis. Thus we must advance from generalities
to particulars; for it is a whole that is best known to sense-perception, and a generality is a kind of
whole, comprehending many things within it, like parts. Much the same thing happens in the
relation of the name to the formula. A name, e.g. 'round', means vaguely a sort of whole: its
definition analyses this into its particular senses. Similarly a child begins by calling all men 'father',
and all women 'mother', but later on distinguishes each of them. |
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| DETAILS |
| Format: | PDF
| Allows Print: | YES |
| FileSize: | 485Kb | | |
| Pages: | 135 | | |
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